04/21/2012 ----- APRIL 21, 2012
MBA is dedicated to bringing you Free & Useful:
Health Improving Information !
ANATOMY = The DIGESTIVE SYSTEM and MORE:
Circulatory System; Mouth, Pharynx, Esophagus,
Stomach, Intestine,
Lymph System, Amylase, Gastric Juices, Pepsin, Pancreas, Bile,
Liver, Gall
Bladder and more!
Below the main message, each is explained.
For more information proceed in this knowledge-to-health site.
In the digestive system, ingested food is
converted into a form that can be
the circulatory system for
distribution to and utilization
by the various tissues of the body.
This is accomplished both physically, by mastication in the
mouth and
churning of the stomach, and chemically, by secretions
and
enzymes of the gastrointestinal tract.
Start at the mouth, all food passes through the
alimentary canal
(pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and intestines)
before it reaches
the anus, where undigested matter is eliminated as waste.
(But, Does it "eliminate the waste"?
Check:
ABOUT MUCOID PLAQUE)
The outer walls of the
digestive tract are composed of layers of muscle and
tissue that undergo
waves
of contraction (peristalsis), thereby pushing
the food along its digestive
path.
The inner lining contains glands that secrete the acids and
enzymes
necessary to break down food into a form utilizable by the
body.
Digestion starts in the mouth, where
chewing reduces the food to fine texture,
and saliva moistens it
and begins the
conversion of starch into
simple sugars by means of an
enzyme, salivary amylase.
The food is swallowed, passing through the pharynx and
down the muscular
esophagus, or gullet, to the expanded muscular
pouch-like section
of the gastrointestinal tract, the
stomach.
More about
Discomfort in the Digestive
System
Indigestion
Yeast
overgrowth
Gas
Fatigue
Constipation
Cramping
Abdominal discomfort
Bloating Weakened Immune
System
Function
Poor Overall Health
The problem is when the "Bad Bacteria" overrun your GI tract!
This leaves little or no "Good Bacteria" to create a balanced flora.
This will affect the Immune System (which is your most
important helper against infections and poor health results).
Minimize the "bad" and
enter the "good" bacteria.
There must be more
Good bacteria and minimal
Bad bacteria
in order to
improve your health.
The Circulatory System is a:
Group of organs that transport blood and the substances
it carries to and from all parts of the body.
The circulatory system can be considered as composed
of two parts:
the systemic circulation, which serves the body as a whole
except
for the lungs, and the pulmonary circulation,
which carries the blood to and
from the lungs.
The organs of circulatory system consist of vessels that carry the
blood
and
a muscular pump, the heart,
that drives the blood.
Of the vessels, the arteries carry blood
away from the heart; the main
arterial vessel, the aorta, branches into smaller arteries, which
branch repeatedly to smaller vessels and
reach
all parts of the body.
Within the body tissues, the vessels are microscopic
capillaries
through
which gas and nutrient exchange occurs
respiration.
Blood leaving the tissue capillaries enters converging vessels,
the
veins,
to return to the heart and lungs.
The human heart is a four-chambered organ with
a dividing wall,
that separates it into a right heart for pumping
blood from the
returning veins into
the lungs and a left heart for pumping
blood
from
the lungs to the body via the aorta.
An auxiliary system,
The
lymphatic system , is composed
of vessels that
collect lymph from body tissues.
The Lymphatic System
A
Network of vessels carrying lymph, or
tissue-cleansing fluid,
from the
tissues into the veins of the circulatory
system.
The lymphatic system functions along with the circulatory system
in
absorbing nutrients from the small intestines.
A large portion of digested fats are absorbed via the lymphatic capillaries.
Like the blood circulatory system,
the lymphatic system is composed of
fine capillaries that lie adjacent to the
blood vessels.
These merge into larger tributaries known as trunks, and these
in turn
merge
into two still larger vessels called ducts.
Lymph, a colorless fluid whose composition is similar to that of blood
except
that it does not contain red blood cells or platelets, and contains
considerably
less protein, is continuously passing through the walls of the
capillaries.
Fluid that flows through the lymphatic system is functionally
important because
it contains substances having large molecules (such as
proteins and bacteria)
that cannot enter the small pores of the venous
capillaries.
Along the lymphatic network in certain areas of the body:
The neck, armpit,
groin, abdomen and chest are small reservoirs, the lymph nodes,
which collect bacteria and other deleterious agents from the duct which passes
through them,
and act as a barrier against the entrance
of these substances into the
bloodstream.
In a disease state, the lymph nodes become filled with
harmful material to
the degree where they can be seen or felt;
enlarged lymph
nodes are of diagnostic importance.
Enlargement of the lymph nodes can be a warning sign of various
kinds
of cancer, including breast cancer and Hodgkin's disease.
In cases where a cancerous growth has developed, removal of lymph node
may help to prevent its further spread. However, such a procedure
also slows the
flow of lymph, and may thus render some of
the body vulnerable to
infection.
Mouth Entrance to the digestive and respiratory tracts.
The mouth cavity, is ordinarily a simple opening in lower animals;
in vertebrates it is a
more complex structure.
In humans, the mouth is defined in front and at the sides by the lips,
jawbone, teeth, and gums in the rear it merges with the throat.
The lips, palates, tongue, and teeth are the major components in
speech
formation, using the “raw sound” formed in the larynx.
The process of digestion
starts in the mouth; the chewing
and grinding action of the teeth reduces the food to
a readily digestible substance.
The
enzymatic process of converting starch to sugar is initiated by
salivary amylase excreted by the three salivary glands located
at the angle of the
jawbone and under the tongue.
Saliva produced in these glands moistens food,
preparing it for processing
in the digestive system.
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Area of the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts which lies between
the
mouth and the esophagus.
In humans, the pharynx is a cone-shaped tube of 4 1/2 inches long.
Stomach
Saclike dilation in the gastrointestinal tract between the esophagus
and
the intestines, forming organ of digestion.
The stomach is present in
all vertebrate animals and in many invertebrates.
In ruminants like a cow, the stomach is divided into 4 separate chambers.
One, breaks down complex plant materials, particularly cellulose.
The Stomach is about 12 in. long and is 6 in. wide at widest point.
Its capacity is about 1 quart) in the
adult.
Food enters the stomach from the esophagus, through a ring of muscles
known as the cardiac sphincter that normally prevents food
from passing back to
the esophagus.
The other end of the stomach empties into the first section of the small
intestine,
or duodenum; the pyloric sphincter, which separates the two, remains
closed
until the food in the stomach has been modified and is in suitable
condition to pass into the small intestine.
The surface of the mucosa is honeycombed with over 35,000 gastric
glands
and is folded into numerous ridges that almost disappear
when the
stomach is
distended with food.
The stomach is independent of the central nervous system.
Intestine
Muscular hose like portion of the gastrointestinal tract extending
from
the lower end of the stomach to the anal opening.
In humans this narrow tube-like structure winds compactly back and forth
within the abdominal cavity for about 23 ft, and
is known as the small intestine.
It is not an organ of digestion (for that part of the process not completed
by the stomach) but is the chief organ of
absorption.
By contraction of its muscular walls the food mass is
propelled onward and,
is carried along, it is subject to the digestive
action of the secretions
of the intestinal lining as well as to that of bile and
pancreatic
juice which enter the upper intestine (duodenum)
from ducts leading
from the liver and pancreas.
Innumerable projections in the intestinal mucous lining
absorb the altered food
for distribution by the blood and lymphatic systems to
the rest of the body.
Food continues to pass into the middle and end of the
small intestines.
The small intestine joins the large intestine
(colon)
in the
right lower abdominal cavity.
In the appendix, is a blind pouch projecting from the cecum.
The large intestine is about 5 ft long. Bacteria,
the indigestible residue of food,
and mucus form the bulk of matter in the large
intestine.
The water content of the bulk is absorbed through the walls
of the large
intestine, and the solid matter is excreted through the rectum.
Bile
Bitter alkaline fluid of a yellow, brown, or green color, secreted, in man, by the liver.
Bile,
or gall, is composed of water, bile acids and their salts, bile
pigments,
cholesterol, fatty acids, and inorganic salts.
In man it is stored in the
gall bladder
and in response to the action
of the hormone
cholecystokinen (whose secretion by the intestine is stimulated
by the presence of
food), is secreted via the cystic and common ducts into the
duodenum.
The bile salts aid in digestion by emulsifying fats, enabling the absorption
of
fats and of the fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K) through the intestinal
wall.
The alkaline
bile acts to neutralize the stomach acid in the small intestine,
providing a more optimum environment for the pancreatic enzymes.
The bile is a route of excretion for many drugs and metabolites; cholesterol is
excreted almost entirely in the bile, known products, such as bilirubin,
which color the bile and are known as the bile pigments.
If the flow of bile is impeded by inflammation,
gall stones, or other
abnormality, digestive disturbances and frequently jaundice result.
MBA is dedicated to bringing you Free & Useful:
Health Improving Information !
Gall Bladder
Small pear-shaped sac that stores and concentrates bile.It is connected to the liver (which produces the bile) by the hepatic duct.
Substances contained in bile crystallize in the gall bladder, forming gallstones.
These small, hard concretions are
common in persons over 40!
Gall Cleanse
They cause inflammation of the gall bladder, a disorder that produces
symptoms
similar to those of indigestion, especially after a fatty meal is
consumed.
If a stone becomes lodged in the bile duct, it produces severe pain.
Gallstones may pass out of the body spontaneously; serious blockage is
treated by removing the gall bladder surgically.
If you develop questions, let us know.
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MBA is dedicated to bringing you Free & Useful:
Health Improving Information !
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Updated APRIL21,
2012
